HISTORY OF SABO-TECHNO IN INDONESIA

The counter measure of natural disaster, which is caused by debris mass movement, are implemented to control destructive force of water so it will prevent or eliminate the suffering from death, material losses, improve disaster emergency operation, and fasten economic and social recovering. Moreover the measures may also play important roles on river basin area conservation for underground water supply. There for to effort of natural disaster counter measures, especially for sediment related disaster, need to be increased by evaluating and involving a comprehensive spatial planning.

There are many evidences that the counter measures against debris flow has been carried out by our ancestors beforehand. But at that time it has not been popular and recorded yet in history of engineering literary. After the Sabo-Techno (modern Sabo technology) was introduced by Mr. Tomoaki YOKOTA in 1970, finally all just realized what was done to deal with this natural disaster and the destructive power of water which was part of the Sabo technical engineering or SABO-TECHNO. The Harinjing Monument, that was built in the Pare City, Kediri, East Java on March 25th, 804 BC to commemorate the construction of irrigation facilities and checkdam that afterwards had been named as WARINGIN SAPTA, is considered as the starting point of Sabo implementation concept in Indonesia. Even thought the water management system of SUBAK in the Balinese Island that was established since 1918 is recognized as the traditional form of Sabo-Techno development.

At the first time Sabo-Techno in Indonesia was only applied in the volcanic area such as Mount Merapi that was located in Central Java and Yogyakarta to control the mudflow (lahar) resulting from its eruption during 1969 and almost simultaneous was also applied in Mount Kelud, Kediri by the construction of checkdam in Konto and Ngobo River in 1969/1970. Others volcanic area which Sabo-Techno can be found are Mount agung in Bali and Galunggung in West Java. Since that time, some people thought that Sabo-Techno was only suitable to be applied in the volcanic area, that a fact since the arrival of Mr. Tomoaki YOKOTA Sabo-Techno was also applied in non- volcanic area, for example its implementation in Bengkulu, Sumatra.


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